Battery energy storage systems (BESS) store electrical energy and deliver it to the grid or local loads when required. They can be designed for applications such as reducing peak demand, shifting energy use across different periods and supporting the effective use of renewable energy generation.

The system is formed through the coordinated operation of battery modules, a battery management system (BMS), a power conversion system (PCS), an energy management system (EMS) and the required auxiliary equipment. Power capacity is expressed in kW or MW, while energy capacity is expressed in kWh or MWh. Usable energy and discharge duration are determined by considering operating limits and system losses.

Backup power, islanded operation and grid-support functions are engineered with suitable power conversion, control and protection infrastructure.Thermal Management, Fault Detection and Fire Safety measures are considered together according to the battery technology and site conditions. Cycle life and efficiency values are presented together with the relevant testing and operating conditions.